Canyoneering Rating System Guide

Canyoneering routes are commonly graded using a standardized rating system that provides insight into the technical difficulty, water conditions, length, and overall risk of a canyon. Understanding this system is essential when selecting a route that matches your experience and skill level.

A typical rating may look like:
4BIV R or 2BIII

Each part of this rating communicates specific information about the canyon.

1. Technical Rating (1 to 4)
This number describes the level of technical difficulty and rope work required.

1. Hiking only
   No technical gear required. May include walking and basic navigation.
2. Scrambling and simple downclimbing
   May include minor obstacles but typically does not require ropes.
3. Technical canyoneering
   Requires rope work such as rappelling. Most “true” canyoneering routes fall into this category.
4. Advanced technical canyoneering
   Includes multiple rappels, complex anchor setups, difficult route finding, and higher exposure.

2. Water Rating (A, B, C)
This letter describes the amount and type of water in the canyon.

• A – Dry Canyon
  Little to no water. Occasional pools may be present.
• B – Wet Canyon
  May include standing water, pools, or short swims. Water is typically calm.
• C – Flowing Water Canyon
  Active water flow such as waterfalls or current. Requires advanced skills and caution.

3. Time / Commitment Rating (I to VI)
This Roman numeral indicates how long the canyon takes and how committing the route is.

• I – 1 to 2 hours
• II – 2 to 4 hours
• III – 4 to 8 hours
• IV – Full day
• V – Long day or overnight
• VI – Multi day expedition

Higher ratings often mean:

• More remote locations
• More complex navigation
• Limited exit options

4. Risk and Protection Rating (R or X)
Some canyons include an additional risk rating.

• No Letter – Standard risk level
• R – Risky
  Greater exposure, more difficult anchor placements, or increased danger if mistakes occur.
• X – Extreme Risk
  High consequence terrain where errors can result in serious injury or death. Often includes unprotectable sections or very difficult conditions.

Example Breakdown

4BIV R

• Advanced technical canyon
• Wet conditions with possible swimming
• Full day commitment
• Elevated risk

2BIII

• Moderate difficulty with scrambling
• Some water present
• Half day canyon
• Lower overall risk